Pandemic (from Greek πᾶν
pan “all” and δῆμος demos “people”) is an
epidemic of disease that has spread across a large region; for instance
multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is
stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic.
Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu.
One of the most devastating pandemics was the Black Death, which killed
an estimated 75 - 200 million people in the 14th century.
Some recent pandemics include: HIV, Spanish flu, 2009 flu pandemic and
H1N1.
Pandemics are invisible. People can walk around looking healthy with an
occasional cough or sneeze.
To stop a pandemic is to isolate those who are infected from the rest of
the population. Force the sick into detention camps and quarantine.
The propaganda will warn the public of the horrible effects of the
pandemic. The results are fear and panic.
Who is that person? Are
they sick? They look unhealthy. They don’t look like me.
Keep them away.
The people who are put into a restricted area without the freedom to
talk to another or walk down the block or leave the room may understand the
situation, but after awhile.
Even dying people want family around.
When barriers don’t restrain those inside physical force will be used to
maintain a state, period, or place of isolation in which people or animals that
have arrived from elsewhere or been exposed to infectious or contagious disease
are placed.
If the people are not like me, if they come from someplace else, if they
don’t speak my language, if they look different from me should they also be
quarantined?
Did it work for the Jews in Germany? Did it work for Indigenous People
in the Wild West? Did it work for the Blacks in America?
What better way to invade another country?
Find a diverse community, bring in some new people (suicide bombers
without a dynamite vest) who blend into everyday life, give those new people a highly
toxic communal virus and let them wander into office buildings, schools,
restaurants, sports events, festivals, army bases or anywhere people gather and
spread the life threatening disease through a cough or a sneeze. How long would
it take for the medical experts to diagnosis the symptoms and create a cure?
Once the fear starts, people will want to isolate themselves from others
to stay healthy. Socialization could still be done online but when the
cupboards go bare, who will bravely venture out to the grocery? What if the
schools are locked down or the DMV is locked down or the grocery store is
locked down to keep from getting contaminated? What if your job is locked down?
Is it worth the risk to go fill up your car?
Influenza, commonly known
as “the flu”, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms
can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: high fever, runny
nose, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, headache, coughing, and feeling
tired. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and
most last less than a week. The cough, however, may last for more than two
weeks. In children, there may be diarrhea and vomiting, but these are not
common in adults. Diarrhea and vomiting occur more commonly in gastroenteritis,
which is an unrelated disease and sometimes inaccurately referred to as “stomach
flu” or the “24-hour flu”. Complications of influenza may include viral
pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, sinus infections, and worsening of
previous health problems such as asthma or heart failure.
Three of the four types of
influenza viruses affect humans: Type A, Type B, and Type C. Type D has not
been known to infect humans, but is believed to have the potential to do so.
Usually, the virus is spread through the air from coughs or sneezes. This is
believed to occur mostly over relatively short distances. It can also be spread
by touching surfaces contaminated by the virus and then touching the eyes,
nose, or mouth. A person may be infectious to others both before and during the
time they are showing symptoms. The infection may be confirmed by testing the
throat, sputum, or nose for the virus. A number of rapid tests are available; however,
people may still have the infection even if the results are negative. A type of
polymerase chain reaction that detects the virus’s RNA is more accurate.
Frequent hand washing reduces
the risk of viral spread. Wearing a surgical mask is also useful. Yearly
vaccinations against influenza are recommended by the World Health Organization
(WHO) for those at high risk, and by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) for those six months of age and older. The vaccine is usually
effective against three or four types of influenza. It is usually well
tolerated. A vaccine made for one year may not be useful in the following year,
since the virus evolves rapidly. Antiviral drugs such as the neuraminidase
inhibitor oseltamivir, among others, have been used to treat influenza. The benefits
of antiviral drugs in those who are otherwise healthy do not appear to be
greater than their risks. No benefit has been found in those with other health
problems.
Influenza spreads around
the world in yearly outbreaks, resulting in about three to five million cases
of severe illness and about 290,000 to 650,000 deaths. About 20% of
unvaccinated children and 10% of unvaccinated adults are infected each year. In
the northern and southern parts of the world, outbreaks occur mainly in the
winter, while around the equator, outbreaks may occur at any time of the year.
Death occurs mostly in high-risk groups—the young, the old, and those with
other health problems. Larger outbreaks known as pandemics are less frequent.
In the 20th century, three influenza pandemics occurred: Spanish influenza in
1918 (17–100 million deaths), Asian influenza in 1957 (two million
deaths), and Hong Kong influenza in 1968 (one million deaths). The World Health
Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of influenza A/H1N1 to be a
pandemic in June 2009. Influenza may also affect other animals, including pigs,
horses, and birds.
Flu can directly lead to death when the virus
triggers severe inflammation in the lungs. When this happens, it can cause
rapid respiratory failure because your lungs can't transport enough oxygen into the rest of your body.
The bacteria from that infection can get into your bloodstream and cause sepsis, as well
Sepsis is the body’s extreme response to an infection. It is a
life-threatening medical emergency.
Sepsis happens when an infection you already have —in your skin, lungs,
urinary tract, or somewhere else—triggers a chain reaction throughout your
body.
While the impact of flu varies, it places a
substantial burden on the health of people in the United States each year. CDC
estimates that influenza has
resulted in between 9 million – 45 million illnesses, between 140,000 – 810,000
hospitalizations and between 12,000 – 61,000 deaths annually since 2010.
Many illnesses spread through contact transmission.
Examples are chicken pox, common cold, conjunctivitis (Pink Eye), Hepatitis A
and B, herpes simplex (cold sores), influenza, measles, mononucleosis, Fifth disease, pertussis, adeno/rhino
viruses, Neisseria meningitidis and mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Don’t forget to wash your hands. You might catch something.
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